| Orloff | |||||||||||||||||||
Spangled Russian Orloff |
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| Conservation status | Critical | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other names | Russian Orloff Russian |
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| Country of origin | Persia, Russia | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Poultry (Galloanserae) | |||||||||||||||||||
The Orloff is a breed of chicken who is named after Alexey Grigoryevich Orlov, a Russian Count. Reflecting this moniker, it is sometimes called the Russian Orloff or simply Russian.
For most of its history, the Orloff was considered to be a product of Russia and Orlov, but modern research has discovered that the breed first appeared in Persia,[1][2] and was distributed across Europe and Asia by the 17th century.[3] However, Count Orlov was a key promoter of the breed in the 19th century, and the breed became known in the West following his efforts.[3]
Orloffs were first introduced to Britain in the 1920s, and were also refined a good deal in Germany; Germans created the first miniaturized bantam Orloff by 1925.[2] The breed was once included in the American Poultry Association's breed standard, the Standard of Perfection, but it was removed due a lack of interest from breeders. In the 21st century, the Orloff remains a rare breed in the West. The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy lists the breed as critically endangered.[4]
The Orloff is a tall, well-feathered chicken with a somewhat game-like appearance. The head and neck are very thickly feathered. They appear in several recognized color varieties: Black, White, Spangled, Black-tailed Red, Mahogany, and Cuckoo. Their plumage, combined with their tiny walnut comb, small earlobes and minuscule wattles, makes the Orloff a very cold hardy breed. Males generally weigh 3.6 kilos (8 pounds), and hens weigh 3 kilos (6.5 pounds). Orloffs are primarily suited to meat production, but hens are reasonable layers of light brown eggs and do not usually go broody. In general temperament, they are known to be relatively calm birds.[2]